Surveying determines the relative positions of natural and man-made features on the earth’s surface. It is a critical tool for land management, engineering, construction, and other activities. Without surveying, it would be difficult to develop and manage land resources properly. And in order to survey the land accurately, efficiently, and safely — surveyors need a variety of tools. From the trusted surveyors compass to devices that measure angles, here are eight essential tools for the surveyor.
Surveyor’s compass You may best know the compass as a tool for navigation. However, this handy device is a surveying essential that helps users measure distance. The compass is placed on the ground and the surveyor aligns it with the object they are measuring. Then, they use the scale on the compass to take a reading. Surveyors use compasses to measure everything from property boundaries to even the height of buildings.
Clinometers If you ask a manufacturer of angle measuring tools, one of their most in-demand products among surveyors is the clinometer. This measures angles of slopes to determine the elevation of an object. This is a general term that comprises subcategories with more specific functions (e.g. Inclinometers, which measure displacements between the ground and structures that lie underneath it).
Theodolites and total stations Theodolites are also used to measure angles, but in the horizontal and vertical planes. They provide more precise readings and are typically part of the so-called total station. Total stations are also equipped with an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) for enhanced accuracy. This also allows surveyors to record electronic data because it has a data collection and storage system.
Tapes, levels, and rods This variety of devices allow surveyors to take measurements of lengths and distances. A graduated rod (often wooden or aluminum) is typically paired with a levelling instrument to measure the height different between two points or between points above vertical data. To identify points in the ground, surveyors use markers such as pins, stakes, and flags.
Surveying tripods An essential tool for the surveyor, the survey tripod is a three-legged stand used to support survey equipment. The tripod provides a stable platform for the surveyor to work from, which is crucial for accurate measurements. The tripod legs can be adjusted to different lengths.
Magnetic locators These are used to locate underground utilities, such as water and gas lines. Magnetic locators work by detecting the magnetic field created by these utilities, helping surveyors avoid them when they are doing excavation work.
3D scanners Over time, the arsenal of surveyors has become more advanced and sophisticated. One of the most modern devices being used today is the three-dimensional scanner. It can collect data from objects and surfaces more quickly and accurately. It can be used especially in sites with hard-to-reach areas, which minimizes the risk of injuries and accidents.
Safety equipment Apart from technical staples like a surveyors compass, surveyors also rely on various pieces of safety equipment for them to be able to carry out their tasks safely. These include high-visibility or reflective clothes, helmet, and appropriate footwear.
